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- $Unique_ID{BRK03871}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Ichthyosis, Lamellar Recessive}
- $Subject{Ichthyosis, Lamellar Recessive Disorder of Cornification 4 DOC 4
- (Lamellar Recessive Type) Ichthyosis Ichthyosis Congenita (Collodion Baby;
- Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma; Xeroderma) X-Linked Ichthyosis Sjogren
- Larsson Syndrome }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 544:
- Ichthyosis, Lamellar Recessive
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Lamellar Recessive
- Ichthyosis) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing
- on the next page to find alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by
- this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Disorder of Cornification 4
- DOC 4 (Lamellar Recessive Type)
-
- Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Ichthyosis
- Ichthyosis Congenita (Collodion Baby; Congenital Ichthyosiform
- Erythroderma; Xeroderma)
- X-Linked Ichthyosis
- Sjogren Larsson Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Lamellar Recessive Ichthyosis is a serious skin disorder. Cornification,
- which is the conversion of the upper layer of the skin into scaly or
- platelike (squamous) type skin, is the major symptom. The entire body
- surface is involved, with large, dark, platelike scales. In serious cases,
- the eyelids and the lips may turn outward (ectropion).
-
- Symptoms
-
- Lamellar Recessive Ichthyosis is a serious skin disorder characterized by
- large, dark, platelike scales (cornification) over the entire body surface.
- The eyelids and lips are turned outward in the most serious cases. A slight
- redness (erythroderma) underlies the scales. Moderate thickening of the
- outer skin layer (keratoderma) on the palms of the hands and the soles of the
- feet usually also occurs. The appearance of a newborn with Lamellar
- Recessive Ichthyosis is similar to that of Ichthyosis Congenita. Analysis of
- fats (lipids) from the stratum corneum of the skin shows increased free
- sterols and ceramides but normal hydrocarbon (alkane) content.
-
- Causes
-
- Lamellar Recessive Ichthyosis is a hereditary disorder transmitted through
- autosomal recessive genes. (Human traits including the classic genetic
- diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes for that condition,
- one received from the father and one from the mother. In recessive
- disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person inherits the same
- defective gene from each parent. If one receives one normal gene and one
- gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier for the disease, but
- usually will show no symptoms. The risk of transmitting the disease to the
- children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a recessive disorder, is
- twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of their children will be carriers, but
- healthy as described above. Twenty-five percent of their children will
- receive both normal genes, one from each parent and will be genetically
- normal.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- Lamellar Recessive Ichthyosis is a very rare disorder occuring in less than
- one out of every 200,000 persons or five per million in the United States.
- There are about 1,250 persons with the disorder, and nineteen babies are born
- annually with this disorder.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders may be similar to those of Lamellar
- Recessive Ichthyosis. Comparisons can be useful for a differential
- diagnosis:
-
- "Ichthyoses" or "Disorders of Cornification" are general terms describing
- a group of scaly skin disorders. They are characterized by an abnormal
- accumulation of large amounts of dead skin cells (squames) in the top layer
- of the skin. The conversion of an abnormally large number of epidermal cells
- into squamous cells is thought to be caused by a defect in the metabolism of
- skin cells known as "corneocytes" or of the fat-rich matrix around these
- cells. The cells can be thought of as bricks, while the matrix would be the
- mortar holding these cells together. (For more information, choose
- "Ichthyosis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Ichthyosis Congenita (Collodion Baby; Congenital Ichthyosiform
- Erythroderma; Xeroderma; Desquamation of Newborn) is an inherited skin
- disorder. It is characterized by generalized, abnormally red, dry and rough
- skin, with large, coarse scales. Itchiness (pruritus) usually also develops.
- Skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet is abnormally thick.
- (For more information, choose "Ichthyosis Congenita" as your search term in
- the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- X-Linked Ichthyosis is an inherited skin disorder caused by a deficiency
- of the enzyme steroid sulfatase. This enzyme deficiency leads to biochemical
- alterations in steroid hormone metabolism. (For more information, choose "X-
- Linked Ichthyosis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Other forms of Ichthyosis include Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome, Netherton
- Syndrome, Ichthyosis Hystrix, Lamellar Ichthyosis, Refsum Syndrome, Darier
- Disease, Conradi-Hunermann Syndrome, Chanarin-Dorfman Syndrome, and
- Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis. (Search under each name for more information
- on that disorder in the Rare Disease Database.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Lamellar Recessive Ichthyosis is treated by applying skin softening
- (emollient) ointments, preferably plain petroleum jelly. This can be
- especially effective after bathing while the skin is still moist. Salicylic
- acid gel is another particularly effective ointment. The skin should be
- covered at night with an airtight, waterproof dressing when this ointment is
- used. Lactate lotion can also be an effective treatment for this disorder.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Drugs derived from Vitamin A (retinoids) such as tretinoin, motretinide, and
- etretinate can also be effective against symptoms of Lamellar Ichthyosis, but
- can cause toxic effects on the bones in some cases. A synthetic derivative
- of Vitamin A, isotretinoin, when taken by pregnant women, can cause severe
- birth defects to the fetus. These Vitamin A compounds have not yet been
- approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of
- Ichthyosis.
-
- The National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases is
- looking for patients with various kinds of Ichthyosis willing to participate
- in research aimed at mapping the genes responsible for their disorder.
- Interested persons may contact:
-
- Dr. Sherri Bale
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 402-2679
-
- The orphan product Monolaurin (Glylorin) is being tested for treatment of
- Lamellar Recessive Ichthyosis. The product is manufactured by:
-
- Cellegy Pharmaceuticals
- 371 Bel Marin Keys, Suite 210
- Novato, CA 94949
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- May 1993. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Ichthyosis Vulgaris, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Foundation for Ichthyosis and Related Skin Types, Inc. (F.I.R.S.T.)
- P.O. Box 20921
- Raleigh, NC 27619-0921
- (919) 782-5728
- (800) 545-3286
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information
- Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- GENETICALLY TRANSMITTED, GENERALIZED DISORDERS OF CORNIFICATION. THE
- ICHTHYOSES: M.L. Williams, et al.; Dermatol Clin (January 1987: issue
- 5(1)). Pp. 155-178.
-
- THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF LACTATE 12% LOTION IN THE TREATMENT OF
- ICHTHYOSIS. ACTIVE VERSUS VEHICLE AND ACTIVE VERSUS A PETROLEUM CREAM: M.
- Buxman, et al.; Journal Am Acad Dermatol (December 1986: issue 15(6)). Pp.
- 1253-1258.
-
- THE METABOLIC BASIS OF INHERITED DISEASE, 5th ed.: John B. Stanbury, et
- al., eds.; McGraw Hill, 1983. Pp. 1027-1039.
-
-